Myanamr Health Research Registration 2024; 36(1-3): 53-58.
DOI:
Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its Enterotoxigenic Strains from Boiled Milk in Yangon
Thin Thin Wah, Nilar, Tin Tin Htwe, Phyu Phyu Aye, Zin Mi Thein, Tin Htet Htet Aung, Kyaw Kyaw San, Lai Lai San & Mo Mo Win
Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal, 2024; 36(1-3): 53-58
ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common human pathogen capable of causing various infections. It is the most important pathogen in food borne intoxication and causes gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, abdominal cramps and diarrhea. S. aureus produces enterotoxins and these have been divided into five serological classical types (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and SEE) and among them, SEA is considered as the main cause of Staphylococcal food poisoning. Dairy products are common sources of S. aureus infection and milk is a good substrate for its growth. The aim of this study was to determine the enterotoxigenic and methicillin resistant S. aureus from boiled milk samples in Yangon. Total 100 boiled milk samples were analyzed by using culture method and confirmed with automated Vitek 2 System. Mix samples homogenized and spread them on selective agar. Incubate at 37°C for 24-48 hours. Use gram staining to distinguish between types of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria. Transfer isolated colonies to Nutrient agar plates for further testing. S. aureus isolates were found in 11 % (11/100) of the total samples. Of these 11 samples, one sample (9.1%) was found to be methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).
RESULT
INTRODUCTION
Food-borne diseases of microbiological origin are important public health problem. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) can be found in various environments including the skin, mucous membranes, and the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals. It is an opportunistic pathogen, capable of causing a wide range of infection in susceptible individuals.1
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
A cross-sectional, laboratory-based descrip-tive study was conducted from May 2022 to April 2023 at Biological Toxicology Research Division of Department of Medical Research, Yangon. A total of 100 boiled milk samples, 20 each from five townships (Latha, North Dagon Myothit, Tarmwe and Thingangyun were collected randomly form roadside tea shops in Yangon area.
DISCUSSION
S. aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxins are a serious public health concern associated with hospital and community acquired illnesses. Boiled milk is a ready to consume beverage which can readily be acquired at roadside tea-shops in Yangon. The boiled milk is considered to be free from conta-minated organism. In the present study, among 100 milk samples from Yangon area, 11(11%) of the samples were found to be contaminated with S. aureus. S. aureus contamination to the milk usually starts from udder of the cow at the dairy farms. The handlers of the bulk raw milk, utensils used while carrying the milk to the markets, the handlers at the retail markets, and food handlers at the tea-shops are responsible for the contamination of bacteria in the milk especially in the places where manual food processing is still a tradition.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
1. Tong SY, Davis JS, Eichenberger E, Holland TL & Fowler VG. Staphylococcus aureus infection: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2015; 28(3): 603-661. 2. Shaker EM. Detection of enterotoxigenic methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in dairy desserts by multiplex- PCR. Assiut Veternity Medical Journal 2015; 61(145): 137-143. 3. Daka D, G/silassie S & Yihdego D. Antibiotic resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cow’s milk in the Hawassa area, South Ethiopia. Annals of Clinical Micro-biology and Antimicrobials 2012; 11: 26.